The Nautch Girls, Their Dress, and Dances
නෘත්ය ලලනාවන්, ඔවුන්ගේ වස්ත්ර, හා නර්තනය
Nautch Girls, Ceylon photographed by Plate & Co. |
Colombo, Ceylon - Temple Dancing Girls |
Nautch Girl, Ceylon photographed by Plate & Co. |
Nautch Dancing Girl, Colombo |
A Nautch Girl [from Ceylon], from Customs of the World, ed. by Walter Hutchinson, London, 1931 |
Hindu Dancing Girl, Ceylon photographed by Skeen & Co. |
Indian Vel Festival Procession Colombo |
“ආදම්ගේ ශිඛරය මතින් එලිෆන්ටා ගුහා වෙත – ලක්දිව සහ ඉන්දියාවේ රූප සටහන්” : එඩ්වඩ් කාපෙන්ටර්
සත්වන පරිච්ඡේදය : හින්දු දෙවොලක රාත්රී උත්සවයක්.
From Adam’s Peak To Elephanta : Sketches in Ceylon and India by Edward Carpenter
CHAPTER VII: A NIGHT-FESTIVAL IN A HINDU TEMPLE.
Most people are sufficiently familiar now-a-days, through Oriental exhibitions and the like, with the dress and bearing of these Devadasis, or servants of God. "They sweep the temple," says the author of Life in an Indian Village, "ornament the floor with quaint figures drawn In rice flour, hold the sacred light before the god, fan him, and dance and sing when required." ''In the village of Kelambakam," he continues, " there are two dancing girls, Kanakambujam and MInakshi. K. is the concubine of a neighboring Mudelliar, and M. of Appalacharri the Brahman. But their services can be obtained by others."
I will describe the dress of one of the four present on this occasion. She had on a dark velveteen tunic with quite short gold edged sleeves, the tunic almost concealed from view by a very handsome scarf or sari such as the Indian women wear. This sari, made of crimson silk profusely ornamented with gold thread, was passed over one shoulder, and having been wound twice or thrice round the waist was made to hang down like a petticoat to a little below the knee. Below this appeared silk leggings of an orange color; and heavy silver anklets crowned the naked feet. Handsome gold bangles were on her arms (silver being usually worn below the waist and gold above), jewels and bell-shaped pendants in her nose and ears, and on her head rose-colored flowers pinned with gold brooches and profusely in woven with the plaited black hair that hung down her back. The others with variations in color had much the same costume.
To describe their faces is difficult. I think I seldom saw any so inanimately sad. It is part of the teaching of Indian women that they should never give way to the expression of feeling, or to any kind of excitement of manner, and this in the case of better types leads to a remarkable dignity and composure of bearing, such as is comparatively rare in the West, but in more stolid and ignorant sorts produces a most apathetic and bovine mien. In the case of these nautch women circumstances are complicated by the prostitution which seems to be the inevitable accompaniment of their profession. One might indeed think that it was distinctly a part of their profession—as women attached to the service of temples whose central idea is that of sex — but some of my Hindu friends assure me that this is not so : that they live where they like, that their dealings with the other sex are entirely their own affair, and are not regulated or recognised in any way by the temple authorities, and that it is only, so to Speak, an accident that these girls enter into commercial relations with men—generally, it is admitted, with the wealthier of those who attend the services — an accident of course quite likely to occur, since they are presumably good-looking, and are early forced into publicity and out of the usual routine of domestic life.
All the same, though doubtless these things are so now, I think it may fairly be supposed that the sexual services of these nautch girls were at one time a recognised part of their duty to the temple to which they were attached. Seeing indeed that so many of the religions of antiquity are known to have recognised services of this kind, seeing also that Hinduism did at least incorporate in itself primitive sexual worships, and seeing that there is no reason to suppose that such practices involved any slur in primitive times on those concerned in them—rather the reverse—I think we have at any rate a strong prima-facie case. It Is curious too that, even to-day, notwithstanding the obvious drawbacks of their life, these girls are quite recognised and accepted in Hindu families of high standing and respectability. When marriages take place they dress the bride, put on her jewels, and themselves act as bridesmaids ; and generally speaking are much referred to as authorities on dress.
Whatever, however, may have been the truth about the exact duties and position of the Devadasis in old times, the four figuring away there before their gods that night seemed to me to present but a melancholy and effete appearance. They were small and even stunted in size, nor could it be said that any of them were decently good-looking. The face of the eldest—It was difficult to judge their age, but she might have been twenty—was the most expressive, but it was thin and exceedingly weary ; the faces of the others were the faces of children who had ceased to be children, yet to whom experience had brought no added capacity.
These four waifs of womanhood, then, when the procession stopped, wheeled round, and facing the god approached him with movements which bore the remotest resemblance to a dance. Stretching out their right hands and right feet together (in itself an ungraceful movement) they made one step forward and to the right ; then doing the same with left hands and feet made a step in advance to the left. After repeating this two or three times they then, having first brought their finger points to their shoulders, extended their arms forward towards the deity, inclining themselves at the same time. This also was repeated, and then they moved back much as they had advanced. After a few similar evolutions, sometimes accompanied by chanting, they wheeled round again, and the procession moved forwards a few yards more. Thus we halted about half a dozen times before we completed the circuit of the temple, and each time had a similar performance.
On coming round to the porch what might be called the third act commenced. The platform of the bull and the god Siva was—not without struggles—lowered to the ground so as to face the porch, the other two gods being kept in the background ; and then the four girls, going into the temple and bringing forth little oil-lamps, walked in single file round the image, followed by the musicians also in single file. These latter had all through the performance kept up an almost continuous blowing and their veined knotted faces and distended cheeks bore witness to the effort, not to mention the state of our own ears ! It must however in justice be said that the drone, the flageolet, and the trumpets were tuned to the same keynote, and their combined music alone would not have been bad ; but a chankshell can no more be tuned than a zebra can be tamed, and when two of these instruments together, blown by two wiry old men obdurately swaying their heads, were added to the tumult, it seemed not impossible that one might go giddy and perhaps become theopneustos, at any moment.
The show was now evidently culminating. The entry of the musicians into the temple, where their reverberations were simply appalling, was the signal for an inrush of the populace. We passed in with the crowd, and almost immediately Siva, lifted from the bull, followed borne in state under his parasol. He was placed on a stand in front of the side shrine in the forecourt already mentioned ; and a curtain being drawn before him, there was a momentary hush and awe. The priest behind the curtain (whom from our standpoint we could see) now made the final offerings of fruit, flowers and sandalwood, and lighted the five-branched camphor lamp for the last time. This burning of camphor is, like other things in the service, emblematic. The five lights represent the five senses. As camphor consumes itself and leaves no residue behind, so should the five senses, being offered to God, consume themselves and disappear. When this is done, that happens in the soul which was now figured in the temple service ; for as the last of the camphor burned itself away the veil was swiftly drawn aside—and there stood the image of Siva revealed in a blaze of light.
The service was now over. The priest distributed the offerings among the people ; the torches were put out ; and in a few minutes I was walking homeward through the streets and wondering if I was really in the modern world of the 19th century.
ලක්දිව ගමන් සටහන් පිටු අංක: 51
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